Challenge

We received a single archive: Specimen_512.zip.
Inside was only one file, Specimen_512.fasta, a 5 MB text full of A/C/G/T sequences and a few comment lines such as:

; hint: encoding=base64->triplet-codon (lexicographic AAA..TTT => b64 idx 0..63)
; pad_count=2  ; note: base64 padding removed from stream

Step 1 --- Initial Analysis

Opening the FASTA revealed it wasn’t biological data but an encoded stream.
The comments clearly hinted that each DNA triplet (AAA, AAC, … TTT) represents one Base64 index from 0 to 63.
So decoding meant mapping 64 possible codons -> the standard Base64 alphabet.

Step 2 --- Digging Deeper

I wrote a short Python script to:

1. Concatenate all A/C/G/T lines.
2. Split into triplets.
3. Map each triplet lexicographically (A,C,G,T) to its Base64 character.
4. Append the missing padding (==) per the hint and Base64-decode the result.

That produced a ~1.3 MB binary blob.
Hex inspection showed high entropy, but at offset 534288 the magic bytes PK 03 04 appeared, a ZIP signature.

Step 3 --- Exploit / Solution

I carved the embedded ZIP starting at that offset and opened it:

from itertools import product
import base64, zipfile

# build codon->b64 map
alphabet = ['A','C','G','T']
codons = [''.join(p) for p in product(alphabet, repeat=3)]
b64alp = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
codon_map = dict(zip(codons, b64alp))

# read sequence
seq = ''.join(l.strip() for l in open("Specimen_512.fasta") if not l.startswith((">", ";")))
b64 = ''.join(codon_map[seq[i:i+3]] for i in range(0,len(seq)-2,3))
decoded = base64.b64decode(b64 + "==")

# extract embedded zip
start = decoded.find(b"PK\x03\x04")
end   = decoded.find(b"PK\x05\x06", start)
open("inner.zip","wb").write(decoded[start:end+22])

with zipfile.ZipFile("inner.zip") as z:
    z.extractall(".")

Inside inner.zip were:

flag.txt
readme.txt

flag.txt contained the solution.

Flag

v1t{30877432d1026706d7e805da846a32c3}

Notes

• The comment lines inside FASTA provided every hint needed, no brute-forcing.
• Entropy ≈ 2 for DNA (typical GC ratio) vs ≈ 8 for decoded blob -> confirmed compression/encryption.
• A clean example of multi-layer encoding: DNA -> Base64 -> ZIP -> flag.